How to write a successful essay

Wednesday, August 26, 2020

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Wednesday, June 3, 2020

Nelson Mandela Research Paper - 550 Words

Nelson Mandela (Research Paper Sample) Content: Nelson MandelaNameInstitutionYour city has decided to build a statue or monument to honor a famous person in your country. Who would you choose? Use reasons and specific examples to support your choice.Who is a famous person? It has to be an imperative person who incarcerates my attention and has made an impact; not just by influencing a few people but the world altogether. I have heard of various personalities over the years, researching about them, and discovered that these personalities have made a remarkable impact to be recognized; someone with a reputable character to be reckoned with. In this regard, I would consider this man as one of historys renowned leaders, Mr. Nelson Mandela. In my view, Nelson Mandela or Madiba, as he was popularly known in his home country, South Africa, is an extraordinary leader. His exceptional selflessness saw him persevere imprisonment under the colonialists for 27 years, later liberating the country from the colonial rule and beco ming the nations first Black president triumphing over the apartheid chains that had shackled the country for decades (Lodge, 2006). His exceptional style of leadership and his prominence as a leader whose beliefs and practices traversed boundaries of gender, culture, race, age and religion, are what defines him as the most celebrated person in the world.The country that Mandela led was under the worlds scrutiny, as racial profiling and ethnic discrimination was rampant. Mandela demonstrated the maxim that great leadership did not only mean leading others, but also acting in the capacity to inspire your followers to greatness (Mandela, Wyk Bouma, 2009). I would engage this great man into confiding with me on how to emulate his footsteps. I mostly admire his principle that using tactics was the key to solving issues since everything has a different value attached to it. One of the tactics that he employed was being obsequious with his adversaries and believed it to be a step toward s conquering them over. This is a trait that I would be eager to learn and no other greater teacher would instruct it better than the master tactician himself would.One of his memorable quotes was people always act in their own interest. He observed that this was not an imperfection, but an act of human personality (Mandela, Asmal, Chidester James, 2003). Therefore, it was paramount to embrace those in opposition and employ charm to neutralize their antagonism. However, Mr. Mandela was also aware of the fact that being friendly could easily display ones weak points, which ambitious rivals can easily spot and take advantage. In order to shadow ones vulnerabilities, it is essential to be prepared to counter any probable situation. Listening as a tactic to capture the audiences attention was another virtue that Mr. Mandela firmly believed in (Lodge, 2006). During his days as a leader, he believed that it was paramount to be a persuasive le...

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Islam During The Postclassical Period - 916 Words

The prophet Muhammad founded the religion known as Islam during the postclassical period. He claimed to hear voices while meditating alone and believed this voice to be that of a higher being. He declared himself the last prophet and formed the Islamic religion on the belief that at the end of time, on Judgment Day, everyone would be resurrected and either have eternal punishment in hellfire or eternal joy in paradise. Islam grew in popularity around the world when Muslim merchants spread across the Indian Ocean in search of commercial opportunity. It gained a huge following in Africa, India and China and significantly affected the attitudes, beliefs and customs of the people that lived there. The QurÃ¢â‚¬â„¢an was an important educational source for newly converted Muslims. It influenced their beliefs and their behaviors towards others. It changed the way the people of lower status, such as the poor and women, were treated. It also promoted equal treatment for everyone and claimed that people would be rewarded for their good deeds to others. This caused life for the poor and women to be greatly improved in places that converted to Islamic faith. In addition to bettering the lives of these people the QurÃ¢â‚¬â„¢an however also limited the freedom of them. A huge impact that Islam brought to women in the societies that it converted was that it gave them more rights and control of their life. It banned the common practice of female infanticide, recognizedShow MoreRelatedByzantine Empire vs China1272 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 6 PagesHistory, the period that came along was the Postclassical Period. This period, within the year 500 CE and 1450 CE, was built up by Ã¢â‚¬Å"third-wave civilizationsÃ¢â‚¬ . In other words, it was built up by large empires characterized by constant patterns of change, trade, and considerable changes in technologies. In 1492 CE these civilizations got global, meaning that the interactions among these different societies stopped being regional. Two empires who were very important during the Postclassical Period were theRead MoreThe Byzantine Empire And Islamic Calliphates1023 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 5 Pagesreligious leaders why? Because they both have more power over their people. They would control the areas laws and duties but also their religion. The big difference of the two empires was their religious practices, The Islamic caliphates consisted of Islam and Muslims but the byzantine empire believed in orthodox Christians. Eastern Europe had begun its transition from the Eastern Roman Empire into the Byzantine empire with the penetration of Christianity into all aspects of life. Both the ByzantineRead MoreAfrican Civilizations And The Spread Of Islam1745 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 7 PagesCornell Notes Topic/Objective: Chapter 8:African Civilizations and the Spread of Islam Name: Maddy Garza Class/Period: 4B Date: September 18, 2015 African Societies: Diversity and Similarities Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Stateless Societies - Common Elements in African Societies The Arrival of Islam in North Africa The Christian Kingdoms: Nubia and Ethiopia Kingdom of the Grasslands Sudanic StatesRead MoreAp World History Units 1-3 Study Guide Essay4374 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 18 PagesUnit One 1. Consequences of the Neolithic Revolution didnÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t include * End of hunting-gathering societies 2. Most scholars believe that, during the Paleolithic Age, social organization was characterized by * A rough social equality 3. The earliest metal worked systemically by humans are * Copper 4. The spread of the Bantu-speaking peoples over southern Africa can be best explained by their * Knowledge of agriculture 5. Characteristics of complex civilizations Read MoreEastern Western And Western Catholicism Essay2141 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 9 PagesChristianity. They had many things in common due to the fact that they both originated in Rome. Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Religious divergence portrayed the rivalry and separation of politics as well between Byzantine and kingdoms present in Western Europe. Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Due to the rise of Islam, many centers began to compete for the possession of Rome. Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Byzantine discredited the Latin language and way of thinking and turned to the Greek language and philosophical thinking. Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Differences on the ideas of how things came to be widened the divergenceRead MoreEssay on Change Analysis Chart Postclassical (600-1450 C.E.)8730 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 35 Pages* Change Analysis Chart Postclassical (600-1450 C.E.) | Basic Features at Beginning of period | Key Continuities | Key Changes | Basic Features at End of Period | Reasons for Change or Continuities | Global Trade What other trading systems existed at the beginning of the period? The Indian Ocean system is a continuity, not a change.What about the gold-salt trade? Dont you mean the PaxÃ‚ Mongolica? | * Trade was very international. * Silk roads linked Eurasia, and goods traded hands manyRead MoreWays of the World Second Edition Chapter 7 Questions2283 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 10 PagesÃ¯ » ¿Jonathon Martin Period 1 Chapter 8 Questions 1. Long-distance commerce acted as a motor of change in pre-modern world history by altering consumption and daily life. Essential food and useful tools such as salt were traded from the Sahara desert all the way to West Africa and salt was used as a food preserver. Some incenses essential to religious ceremonies were traded across the world because there was a huge demand for them. Trade diminished economic self-sufficiency by creating a reliance onRead MoreEastern Christendom : Building On The Roman Past Essay2059 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 9 Pagesother gods o Church authorities and the elite reinforced each other o The elite provided protection and encouragement ment, while the Church authorities legitimized the powerful with religion Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Accelerating Change in the West, 1000-1300 o Before this period, there were invasions everywhere, but now invaders had assimilated o EuropeÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s population grew from 35 million in 1000 to 80 million in 1340 o Environment was restored and forests were cut down to make space o Increased production led to increased

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Justice in Global World for Globalization- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theJustice and Change in Global World for Globalization. Answer: There are two key concepts which are related to group work, and that are social justice and common good. This section of paper defines the meaning of these two terms and also states the relationship between them. This concept is very important and it is necessary to seek clarity on social justice and common good. Following are some key elements which state the meaning of social justice: Social justice is that situation in the society under which every person can pursue the goals of their life. This society acknowledges the right of every person and encourages peace and dignity. Common good are those good which are non-excludable in nature, and when these good are offered by society then nobody can be excluded from using them (Centre of Concern, 2008). It becomes difficult for organizations working at global level to undertake advocacy campaign at global level, initiate the discussions on commoditization of good at different decision making levels. It is necessary for these organizations to develop hope in people and encourage people so that they can pursue their goals and meet their basic needs. These organizations must try to restore the life with peace, dignity, justice, and hope for all people in the society. This vision is difficult to achieve, because still individuals in society are suffering to fulfill their basic requirements. Therefore, works of organizations at global level are not limited only up to the motivations and visions that they initiate to achieve results (United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, 2001). Now it is important to understand the need of common good. We have to take positions, and prevent ourselves from being used by other for their own profit. This can be done by following the mission, engage equally with every person of society, and encourage fairness and transparency. The most important thing is self assessment and regular evaluations of ones own work (UNESCO, 2015). Following are the different ways to address this challenge: Number of social reformers finds different ways to address this challenge and provides equal benefits to poor and powerless people. These strategies can create better world in which we can achieve the vision of common good and social justice. Following are some ideas which are identified to solve this issue: Firstly, it is necessary that those people who are directly affected by the policies of different organizations must come together and take action for their own interest because these policies never affect the policy makers or the powerful persons. These policies always imposed unnecessary burden on ordinary people, poor people or powerless people. This concept is related to mass mobilization of human resources and through religious approach it means consolidate the actions of millions of peoples throughout the world to achieve the social justice and common good. In other words it is necessary to build a movement against social injustice (Wallis, 2013). Secondly, success of any movement is only depends on the ability of people at both local and global level. This global issue is not able to resolve at local or national level. For example: global warming issue can be solved only when every people in the world contribute to solve this issue. It is not possible for single country to reduce their carbon emissions, especially in those situations when other country does not take any action to reduce their carbon emissions. Thirdly, new movements always consume lot of time in building coalitions. Development of link between global to the local is vertical process while building the coalition across social sectors can be seen as horizontal process. Therefore, it is not possible if person isolate themselves, and it is necessary that other peoples from different religion reach each other for achieving the common goal. These practices require ideological tolerance, mature behavior, and self assessment at individual level. Coalitions become easier and consume less time if such issues are chosen which which enhance the unity of organizations and movements. We also require inventive solutions which are effective in filing the gaps (WCC, 2011). Fourthly, success of common good movements is depends on the campaigning methods to raise awareness and build support. Campaigning is the most important aspect of movements. Campaigning of any movement can be for short as well as long period of time but it is necessary to plan the activities of campaigning. Usually religious institutions have experience of campaigning and we can use their methods to achieve these goals. These methods can be combined with activism, mass education, and also with economic justice issues. The hunger strike is considered as extreme action of protest which is developed from the practice of fasting. Marches and demonstrations are those methods of campaigning which are developed by the religious practices and other events related to religion. For example there are number of religious organizations which produce literature on global economic issues. If these literatures and other documents are put together this becomes a strong method of achieving the conscientisation process which is very necessary for the collaboration of large institution and general public. There is also need to explain the seminal concepts to general public such as ecological debt, greed line etc (Riordan, 2015). Fifthly, these global movements which are initiated for social justice also depend on the evaluation of policies and research conducted by number of academics, researchers and scholars. There is no need to reinvent the policies for this purpose but it is necessary to analyze these policies from religious point of view. Slogans related to these movements must not be write up in whimsical manner, and there must be careful thought behind these slogans. It is worse if some strong movement failed just because of poor policy framework. This fact is true that global movements need help from other organizations also because it is not possible that few peoples have all answers. Therefore, it is necessary to develop insights which are based on unique ideas which put lights on global issues (Foster, n.d.). Last but not the least, number of issues of social justice and common good are carried by socialists, anarchists and other peoples whose strong believes force them to organize these movements. New ideas build old traits and make the movements alive and relevant. This will result in end to poverty and economic justice, and it wills also helps in defending every persons right to common good. It also impose obligation on person to protect the nature for society and prevent the activities of business entities which cause harm to nature. At last we conclude, if working group believes that they can strongly deal with the crisis then it would be possible for every working group to address the issues which deals with poverty and other similar problems. Therefore, all the facts concluded that global social injustice is the result of unjust economic system at global level. Solutions must be adopted to solve these issues instead of just waiting that someone solves it. Common good are the most useful concept to integrate factors of social justice in the society through different activities conducted by world at large (Barber, 2000; Rosenthal, 2012). References: Barber, R. B. (2000). Challenges to the Common Good in the Age of Globalism. Available at: https://www.socialstudies.org/sites/default/files/publications/se/6401/640102.html. Accessed on 2nd February 2017. Centre of Concern, (2008). The principle of the common good. Available at: https://www.coc.org/files/principle.pdf. Accessed on 2nd February 2017. Foster, B. J. Global Ecology and the Common Good. Available at: https://clogic.eserver.org/3-1%262/foster.html. Accessed on 2nd February 2017. Riordan, P. (2015). Global Ethics and Global Common Good, Bloomsbury, 222pp., Rosenthal, H. J. (2012). Common Good and the Crisis of Globalization. Available at: https://www.carnegiecouncil.org/publications/articles_papers_reports/0122.html. Accessed on 2nd February 2017. UNESCO, (2015). Rethinking Education. Available at: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002325/232555e.pdf. Accessed on 2nd February 2017. United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, (2001). Global Climate Change A Plea For Dialogue Prudence And The Common Good. Available at: https://www.usccb.org/issues-and-action/human-life-and-dignity/environment/global-climate-change-a-plea-for-dialogue-prudence-and-the-common-good.cfm. Accessed on 2nd February 2017. Wallis, J. (2013). Whatever Happened to the Common Good. Available at: https://ideas.time.com/2013/04/04/whatever-happened-to-the-common-good/. Accessed on 2nd February 2017. WCC, (2011). Social Justice and Common Good. Available at: https://www.oikoumene.org/en/resources/documents/commissions/international-affairs/economic-justice/social-justice-and-common-good-policy-paper. Accessed on 2nd February 2017.

Saturday, April 18, 2020

Govt 2302 Essay Example

Govt 2302 Essay HAPTER 12 The Judiciary Chapter Focus The purpose of this chapter is to describe the policy-making role of the federal judiciary, in particular that of the Supreme Court. To appreciate the significance of this role, students need basic knowledge about the history of the Supreme Court, the structure and procedures of the federal courts, the nature of controversy over the courts, and the restraints on judicial policy making. After reading and reviewing the material in this chapter, you should be able to do each of the following: 1. Discuss the meaning and significance of judicial review and its relationship to Marbury v. Madison. 2. List and comment on the three eras of varying Supreme Court influences on national policy from the days of slavery to the present. 3. Describe the partisan influences on federal judicial appointments. 4. Describe how the nature of federalism affects the jurisdiction of federal and state courts. 5. Discuss the ways in which cases can get to the Supreme Court. 6. Describe the financial and non-financial obstacles of getting into federal court. 7. Explain how political scientists classify justices as liberal or conservative and why they do so. 8. Enumerate four measures of judicial power and describe how judicial power can be restrained by Congress and by public opinion. 9. Develop arguments for and against an activist Supreme Court. 10. Explain the relationship between public and the courts. Study Outline I. Introduction A. Courts in the United States play a major role in policy making 1. Due to judicial review: right to declare acts and laws unconstitutional 2. Since 1789, Supreme Court has ruled over 100 laws unconstitutional 3. In Great Britain, no judicial review in American sense, but parliamentary supremacy B. We will write a custom essay sample on Govt 2302 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Govt 2302 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Govt 2302 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Controversy is over method of judicial review 1. Strict constructionist (conservative philosophy today) 2. Activist approach (liberal philosophy today) II. The Development of the Federal Courts A. Introduction 1. Founders did not expect a major policy role for the federal courts 2. Traditional view: judges find and apply existing law 3. Evolution of courts shaped by political, economic, and ideological forces B. National supremacy and slavery (1789Ã¢â‚¬â€œ1865) 1. Marbury v. MadisonÃ¢â‚¬â€established doctrine of judicial review (see the Ã¢â‚¬Å"Marbury v. MadisonÃ¢â‚¬ box) 2. McCulloch v. Maryland: federal law declared supreme over state law 3. Dred Scott v. Sandford: blacks were not, and could not become, free 4. Interstate commerce clause is placed under the authority of federal law C. Government and the economy (1865Ã¢â‚¬â€œ1937) 1. Dominant issue of the period: whether the economy could be regulated by state and federal governments 2. Private property held to be protected by the Fourteenth Amendment 3. Courts unsure of how to draw line between Ã¢â‚¬Å"reasonableÃ¢â‚¬ and Ã¢â‚¬Å"unreasonableÃ¢â‚¬ regulation 4. The Court interpreted the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments narrowly as applied to blacks D. The protection of political liberty and economic regulation (1937Ã¢â‚¬â€œpresent) 1. Supreme Court gave regulatory powers to legislatures 2. Voided congressional acts that violate personal liberties 3. Court-packing plan shifts interpretation III. The Structure of the Federal Courts A. Only federal court mandated by Constitution is Supreme Court 1. Congress has created constitutional courtsÃ¢â‚¬â€district Courts (94), courts of appeals (12), plus other specialized courts (e. . , Court of International Trade) 2. Legislative courtsÃ¢â‚¬â€specialized purpose, fixed office terms for judges (e. g. , Court of Military Appeals and other territorial courts) B. Recent court nominations 1. Bush administration nominees 2. Filibustering by Senate democrats C. Supreme Court appointments are partisan 1. Nominated by president, confirmed by Senate (only five rejected during the twentieth century) 2. Pre sidents cannot be sure how a judge will behave after appointment 3. Presidents can tilt Court ideologically D. Lower federal courts 1. Senatorial courtesyÃ¢â‚¬ checks presidential control in district court nominations 2. Comparison of Carter and Reagan appointments: number of women and blacks 3. Democratic and Republican judges differ in voting, but ideology usually does not influence decisions IV. The Jurisdiction of the Federal Courts (see the Ã¢â‚¬Å"Jurisdiction of the Federal CourtsÃ¢â‚¬ box) A. Dual court system 1. Federal jurisdiction: Article III and the Eleventh AmendmentÃ¢â‚¬â€involve Ã¢â‚¬Å"federal questionÃ¢â‚¬ cases, diversity of citizenship cases 2. Federal District Court handles federal criminal laws 3. Appeal from a federal regulatory agency goes to U. S. Court of Appeal 4. Only Supreme Court handles disputes between two state governments 5. Vast majority of all federal cases begin in district courts 6. Gideon case illustrates how lower courtÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s appeal can be influential B. Appeals to the Supreme Court 1. CertiorariÃ¢â‚¬â€main route involving substantial federal questions 2. Courts of appeal usually last word V. Getting to Court A. Deterrents 1. The Court rejects 95 percent of applications for certiorari 2. High costs of appeal (pauper writs) B. Fee shifting . Each party must pay cost of lawsuit 2. Fee shifting allows plaintiff to collect costs from defendant 3. Flood of Section 1983 lawsuits C. Standing 1. Must be controversy between adversaries 2. Personal harm must be demonstrated 3. Being taxpayer not entitlement for suit 4. Sovereign immunity, but government can waive D. Class-action suits 1. Brought on behalf of all similarly situatedÃ¢â‚¬â€Brown v. Board of Education 2. Financial incentives to bring suit; Congress not addressing issues; profitable for lawyers 3. Need to notify all members of the class since 1974 VI. The Supreme Court in Action A. Oral arguments by lawyers 1. Questions by justices 2. Role of solicitor general 3. Amicus curiae briefs influence as well as legal periodicals B. Conference procedures 1. Role of chief justice 2. Selection of opinion writer 3. OpinionsÃ¢â‚¬â€per curiam, unanimous, majority, concurring, or dissenting C. Voting behavior 1. Blocs on Court are predictable 2. Three blocs: liberal, conservative, and swing VII. The Power of the Courts A. The power to make policy 1. By interpretation 2. Importance of stare decisis, or precedent, but court will change mind 3. CourtÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s willingness to deal with Ã¢â‚¬Å"political questionsÃ¢â‚¬ 4. Judicial Ã¢â‚¬Å"remediesÃ¢â‚¬ Ã¢â‚¬â€may affect thousands or even millions of people B. Views of judicial activism 1. Courts are last resort and correct injustices 2. Courts lack expertise in particular 3. Court is not accountable to the people; judges not elected C. The causes of activism 1. U. S. has more lawyers, but a symptom not a cause 2. American adversary culture 3. Easier for people to get into court 4. Vague congressional language requires judicial interpretation 5. Reviewing regulatory agency decisions 6. Belief of many judges/law professors that courts should make policy VIII. Checks on Judicial Power A. Court decisions can be resisted, since courts cannot enforce B. Congress and the courts 1. Alter the composition of the judiciary 2. Confirmation and impeachment proceedings 3. Changing the number of judges 4. Revising legislation declared unconstitutional 5. Altering jurisdiction of the courts 6. Constitutional amendment C. Public opinion and the courts 1. Opinion can both restrain and energize the courts 2. Supreme Court most powerful when parties have been weak or divided 3. Opinion may object to decisions but not to court as institution 4. Opinion of courts vary with support of government as a whole Key Terms Match Match the following terms and descriptions. Set 1 |1. _____ Describes when a president has attempted to appoint his |a. activist | |type of judges to the Court in order to secure a majority. |b. amicus curiae brief | |2. _____ A means by which one who has an interest in a case, but |c. briefs | |is not a litigant, can present views. d. class-action suit | |3. _____ A means by which one who has been injured can bring |e. recess appointment | |action on behalf of all similarly situated. |f. constitutional courts | |4. _____ The power of the courts to determine the |g. courts of appeal | |constitutionality of legislative and executive acts. |h. dissenting opinion | |5. ____ Litigation in which a citizen of one state sues a |i. Dred Scott | |citizen of another state and the amount of money in dispute is |j. diversity case | |more than $50,000. |k . Federalist No. 78 | |6. _____ A court established under Article III of the |l. Ã¢â‚¬ packing the courtÃ¢â‚¬ | |Constitution. |m. in forma pauperis | |7. _____ An approach to judicial review which holds that judges |n. udicial review | |should discover the general principles underlying the |o. American rule | |Constitution. |p. Marbury v. Madison | | |q. McCulloch v. Maryland | | | | | | | |8. ____ Correlates with the thoughts of the Founding Fathers | | |that the courts would play a relatively neutral-passive role in | | |public affairs. | | |9. _____ Intermediate appellate courts of the federal judiciary | | |which have been classified Ã¢â‚¬Å"constitutional courtsÃ¢â‚¬ by Congress. | | |10. ____ Describes how in America each party to a lawsuit must | | |pay its own way. | | |11. _____ A petition filed with the U. S. Supreme Court by a | | |pauper. | | |12. _____ Considered one of the most disastrous judicial opinions| | |ever issuedÃ¢â‚¬â€declaring the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional. | | 13. _____ Legal documents submitted by lawyers which set forth | | |the facts of a case. | | |14. _____ A decision of the Supreme Court which interpreted the | | |Constitution to give the Supreme Court the power to declare an | | |act of Congress unconstitutional. | |15. _____ A decision of the Supreme Court which held that the | | |power of the federal government flows from the people and that | | |federal law is supreme over state law. | | |16. _____ A judicial appointment made by a president while the | | |Congress is not in session. | | |17. ____ This is an opinion of one or more justices of the | | |Supreme Court on the losing side. | | Set 2 |1. _____ Known as the school desegregation case. |a. Opinion of the Court | |2. _____ Set the precedent that all accused persons in state as |b. per curiam opinion | |well as federal criminal trials be supplied with a lawyer, free if |c. Gideon case | |necessary. d. remedy | |3. _____ A landmark case dealing with reverse discrimination. |e. senatorial courtesy | |4. _____ A tradition under which the Senate will defer to the |f. Brown v. Board of Education | |judgment of a senator of the presidentÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s party when determining the|g. sovereign immunity | |suitability of candidates for federal judgeships from the senatorÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s|h. Bakke case | |state. i. stare decisis | |5. _____ An example of a legislative court where terms are fixed |j. strict constructionism | |and justices can be removed or have their salaries reduced. |k. voting blocs | |6. _____ The rule of precedent. |l. Court of Military Appeals | |7. _____ Groups of justices on the Supreme Court who tend to take | | |consistent positions on issues. | |8. _____ This is a judicial order setting forth what must be done | | |to correct a situation a judge believes to be wrong. | | |9. _____ An approach to judicial review which holds that judges | | |should confine themselves to applying those rules that are stated | | |in or clearly implied by the language of the Constitution. | |10. _____ The doctrine that a citizen cannot sue the government | | |without its consent. | | |11. _____ This is a brief, unsigned opinion of the Supreme Court. | | |12. _____ This is the written opinion of the Supreme CourtÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s | | |majority. | | Did You Think That . . . ? A number of misconceptions are listed below. You should be able to refute each statement in the space provided, referring to information or argumentation contained in this chapter. Sample answers appear at the end of the Study Guide. 1. Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Framers expected the Supreme Court to play the large role that it subsequently has played. Ã¢â‚¬